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Why
do bees make honey?
We know that bees have been producing honey as
they do today for at least 150 million years. Bees produce honey
as food stores for the hive during the long months of winter
when flowers aren't blooming and therefore little or no nectar
is available to them. European honey bees, genus Apis
Mellifera, produce such an abundance of honey, far more than
the hive can eat, that humans can harvest the excess. For this
reason, European honey bees can be found in beekeeper's hives
around the world!
The Colony
Honey bees are social insects, with a marked
division of labor between the various types of bees in the
colony. A colony of honey bees includes a queen, drones and
workers.
The Queen

The
queen is the only sexually developed female in the hive. She is
the largest bee in the colony.
A two-day-old larva is selected by the workers
to be reared as the queen. She will emerge from her cell 11 days
later to mate in flight with approximately 18 drone (male) bees.
During this mating, she receives several million sperm cells,
which last her entire life span of nearly two years.
The queen starts to lay eggs about 10 days
after mating. A productive queen can lay 3,000 eggs in a single
day.
The Drones

Drones are stout male bees that have no
stingers. Drones do not collect food or pollen from flowers.
Their sole purpose is to mate with the queen. If the colony is
short on food, drones are often kicked out of the hive.
The Workers

Workers, the smallest bees in the colony, are
sexually undeveloped females. A colony can have 50,000 to 60,000
workers.
The life span of a worker bee varies according
to the time of year. Her life expectancy is approximately 28 to
35 days. Workers that are reared in September and October,
however, can live through the
winter.
Workers feed the queen and larvae, guard the
hive entrance and help to keep the hive cool by fanning their
wings. Worker bees also collect nectar to make honey. In
addition, honey bees produce wax comb. The comb is composed of
hexagonal cells which have walls that are only 2/1000 inch
thick, but support 25 times their own weight.
Honey bees' wings stroke 11,400 times per
minute, thus making their distinctive buzz.
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